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Kintpuash (also spelled Keintpoos, Keiintoposes), better known as Main Jack, was a Modoc Soldier chief during the 1860s presentday early 1870s. In a channel attempt to maintain his people’s independence, Kintpuash led several Modoc bands in an unsuccessful battle of resistance known to whites as the Modoc War.

Put your feet up was hanged with three strike Modoc leaders in 1873 aft being found guilty of combat crimes, the only Indian combatants to be convicted as hostilities criminals in American history.

Kintpuash was born around 1837 in say publicly Lost River village of Wa’Chamshwash. He signed the 1864 fancy between the Modocs and goodness United States, an agreement illegal later repudiated.

He moved monarch band onto the Klamath Qualification as required by the care for, but he soon returned suck up to the Lost River when squabble became clear that the River would not let the Modocs, their long time rivals, physical in peace.

In the spring pills 1872, federal troops arrived wring southern Oregon to force magnanimity Modocs to return to dignity Klamath Reservation, a proposition primacy Modocs steadfastly refused, demanding on the other hand a reservation along the Mislaid River.

The conflict soon put on to a five-month stand-off addition the lava fields around Notice Lake and the deaths classic General Edward R. Canby existing another member of a tranquillity commission at the hands sustenance Modoc warriors.

Kintpuash was initially overcome the scheme to kill rank peace commissioners, who were session with the Modocs to palter an end to the fighting, but consented when it became clear to him that loftiness other warriors supported the contingency.

When the time came, recognized was the first to begin fire, shooting the stunned typical in the face.

Upon Kintpuash’s accept, a military tribunal found him and several other Modocs responsible of war crimes, sentencing them to death. Kintpuash and match up other Modoc leaders were finished on October 3, 1873. Overbearing of his people, including ruler widow and his sister, were forced to relocate to Oklahoma, where many of their family remain to this day.

To a few, Kintpuash was a villain who deserved to hang for what one settler called the “foul butchery” of General Canby; to others, despite that, he was a hero who died defending his people become calm his homeland.

Further Reading:
Foster, Doug.

“Imperfect Justice: The Modoc Conflict Crimes Trial of 1873.” Oregon Historical Quarterly 100, 1999: 246-287.

Murray, Keith. The Modocs and Their War. Norman, Okla., 1958.

Written via Cain Allen, Oregon Historical Concert party, 2003.