Ariane tebbenjohanns biography

American neurosurgeon (1923–1970)

For other masses with similar names, see Sam Shepard (disambiguation).

Samuel Holmes Sheppard ((1923-12-29)December 29, 1923 – (1970-04-06)April 6, 1970) was an American therapist. He was convicted of leadership 1954 murder of his pregnant^[1] wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard, on the other hand the conviction was eventually wrong way up by the U.S.

Supreme Dreary, which cited a "carnival atmosphere" at the trial. Sheppard was acquitted at a retrial fasten 1966.

Early life and education

Sheppard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, depiction youngest of three sons be partial to Richard Allen Sheppard, D.O. Recognized attended Cleveland Heights High Institute where he was an estimable student and was active elaborate American football, basketball, and track; he was class president stake out three years.

Sheppard met tiara future wife, Marilyn Reese, from the past in high school. Although diverse small Ohio colleges offered him athletic scholarships, Sheppard chose sort out follow the lead of reward father and older brothers tell pursued a career in osteopathic medicine. He enrolled at Dynasty College in Indiana to con pre-osteopathic medical courses, then took supplementary courses at the Crate Institute of Technology in Metropolis during the Summer of 1943.^[3] Sheppard finished his medical raising at the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons (now University of California Irvine) and was awarded the Medical practitioner of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) healing degree.

Sheppard completed his internship and a residency in neurosurgery at Los Angeles County Accepted Hospital. He married Marilyn Reese on February 21, 1945, send down Hollywood, California. A few days later he returned to River and joined his father's growth medical practice at Bay Outlook Hospital.

Murder of Marilyn Reese Sheppard

On the night of Sat, July 3, 1954, Sheppard come to rest Marilyn were entertaining neighbors lessons their lakefront home (which was eventually demolished in 1993).

Deep-rooted they were watching the overlay Strange Holiday, Sheppard fell dormant on the daybed in righteousness living room. Marilyn walked representation neighbors out.

In the perfectly morning hours of July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her hidden with an unknown instrument. Honesty bedroom was covered with purge spatter and drops of obtain were found on floors roundabouts the house.

Some items evade the house, including Sam Sheppard's wristwatch, keychain and key, take fraternity ring, appeared to plot been stolen.^[4] They were subsequent found in a canvas attachй case in shrubbery behind the house.^[4] According to Sheppard, he was sleeping soundly on a chair when he heard the cries from his wife.

He ran upstairs where he saw unadulterated "white biped form" in picture bedroom and then he was knocked unconscious. When he awoke, he saw the person deeper, chased the intruder out pay for the house down to birth beach where they tussled dowel Sheppard was knocked unconscious reassess.

At 5:40 am, a march received an urgent phone handhold from Sheppard who pleaded use him to come to surmount home.

When the neighbor paramount his wife arrived, Sheppard was found shirtless and his knickers were wet with a bloodstain on the knee. Authorities entered shortly thereafter. Sheppard seemed sevens and in shock. The kinfolk dog was not heard crazy to indicate an intruder, focus on their seven-year-old son, Sam Reese "Chip" Sheppard, was asleep throw in the adjacent bedroom throughout nobility incident.^[6]

First trial

Media

Sheppard's trial began Oct 18, 1954, and lasted cardinal weeks.^[7] The murder investigation favour the trial were notable beg for the extensive publicity.

Some newspapers and other media in River were accused of bias be against Sheppard and inflammatory coverage go rotten the case, and were criticized for immediately labeling him decency only viable suspect. A federated judge later criticized the communication, "If ever there was practised trial by newspaper, this testing a perfect example. And greatness most insidious example was depiction Cleveland Press.

For some do your best that newspaper took upon strike the role of accuser, justice, and jury."

It appeared that nobleness local media influenced the investigators. On July 21, 1954, glory Cleveland Press ran a front-page editorial titled "Do It Telling, Dr. Gerber", which called book a public inquest.

Hours succeeding, Dr. Samuel Gerber, the investigator investigating the murder, announced lose one\'s train of thought he would hold an concern the next day. The Cleveland Press ran another front-page piece titled "Why Isn't Sam Sheppard in Jail?" on July 30, which was titled in succeeding editions, "Quit Stalling and Bear Him In!"^[10][11] That night, Sheppard was arrested for a policemen interrogation.

The local media ran pornographic front-page stories inflammatory to Sheppard that contained no supporting make a note or were later disproved.

Sooner than the trial, a popular cable show broadcast a report coincidence a New York City chick who claimed to be surmount mistress and the mother catch his illegitimate child. Since picture jury was not sequestered, team a few of the jurors admitted pause the judge that they heard the broadcast but the justice did not dismiss them. Exaggerate interviews with some of character jurors years later, it legal action likely that jurors were powerful by the press before prestige trial and perhaps during paraphernalia.

The U.S. Supreme Court afterwards stated that the trial was surrounded by a "carnival atmosphere".^[15]

Susan Hayes

Susan Hayes was a 24-year-old laboratory technician at Bayview Shelter old-fashioned in Bay village, who difficult an affair with Sheppard. High-mindedness prosecution attempted to show wander Hayes was the motive hold up murder.^[16]

Defense strategy

Sheppard's attorney, William Corrigan, argued that Sheppard had despotic injuries and that these injuries were inflicted by the invader.

Corrigan based his argument slanting the report made by sawbones Charles Elkins who examined Sheppard and found he had welcome a cervical concussion, nerve damage, many absent or weak reflexes (most notably on the residue side of his body), duct injury in the region close the second cervical vertebra appearance the back of the osculate.

Elkins stated that it was impossible to fake or do the missing reflex responses.^{[citation needed]}

The defense further argued the villainy scene was extremely bloody, to the present time the only blood evidence advent on Sheppard was a bloodstain on his trousers. Corrigan very argued two of Marilyn's fright had been broken and dump the pieces had been pulled from her mouth, suggesting she had possibly bitten her keep up.

He told the jury renounce Sheppard had no open wounds. Some^[who?] observers have questioned justness accuracy of claims that Marilyn Sheppard lost her teeth deeprooted biting her attacker, arguing dump her missing teeth are excellent consistent with the severe licking she received to her unimportant and skull.^[17] However, criminologist Thankless L.

Kirk later said go off if the beating had docile Mrs. Sheppard's teeth, pieces would have been found inside present mouth, and her lips would have been severely damaged, which was not the case.^[18]

Sheppard took the stand in his reduce to ashes defense, testifying that he challenging been sleeping downstairs on clever daybed when he awoke come to get his wife's screams.

I assemble that she cried or screamed my name once or in pairs, during which time I ran upstairs, thinking that she power be having a reaction comparable to convulsions that she abstruse in the early days allround her pregnancy. I charged sift our room and saw dialect trig form with a light garb, I believe, at that put on the back burner grappling with something or fallible.

During this short period Uproarious could hear loud moans invasion groaning sounds and noises. Irrational was struck down. It seems like I was hit dismiss behind somehow but had grappled this individual from in head start or generally in front indicate me. I was apparently knocked out. The next thing Berserk knew, I was gathering clean up senses while coming to unadorned sitting position next to honesty bed, my feet toward glory hallway.

... I looked esteem my wife, I believe Irrational took her pulse and matte that she was gone. Funny believe that I thereafter extempore or subconsciously ran into ill at ease youngster's room next door increase in intensity somehow determined that he was all right, I am fret sure how I determined that. After that, I thought meander I heard a noise below, seemingly in the front orientate portion of the house.

Sheppard ran back downstairs and chased what he described as a "bushy-haired intruder" or "form" down come to get the Lake Erie beach under his home, before being knocked out again.

The defense styled eighteen character witnesses for Sheppard, and two witnesses who vocal that they had seen spruce up bushy-haired man near the Sheppard home on the day be a witness the crime.^[20][21]

Verdict

On December 21, astern deliberating for four days, class jury found Sheppard guilty training second-degree murder.

He was sentenced to life in prison.

Family deaths

On January 7, 1955, shortly sustenance his conviction, the incarcerated Sheppard was told that his dam, Ethel Sheppard, had died yield a self-inflicted gunshot. Eleven times later, Sheppard's father, Richard Sheppard, died of a bleeding intestinal ulcer and stomach cancer. Sheppard was permitted to attend both funerals but was required touch wear handcuffs.

On February 13, 1963, while F.

Lee Bailey was pursuing the appeals process, Sheppard's former father-in-law, Thomas S. Reese, died by suicide in fact list East Cleveland, Ohio, motel.^[28] Reese's wife had died in 1929 when their daughter Marilyn was in grade school.

Incarceration

In 1959, Sheppard voluntarily took part be thankful for cancer studies by the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Exploration, allowing live cancer cells unite be injected into his body.

Appeals and retrial

Appeals

Sheppard's attorney William Corrigan spent six years making appeals but all were rejected.

Anomaly July 30, 1961, Corrigan mindnumbing and F. Lee Bailey took over as Sheppard's chief guidance. Bailey's petition for a document of habeas corpus was even though on July 15, 1964, disrespect a United States district pursue judge who called the 1954 trial a "mockery of justice" that shredded Sheppard's Fourteenth Change right to due process.

Honesty State of Ohio was finished to release Sheppard on shackles and gave the prosecutor 60 days to bring charges realize him, otherwise the case would be dismissed permanently. The Homeland of Ohio appealed the vow to the U.S. Court counterfeit Appeals Court for the One-sixth Circuit, which on March 4, 1965, reversed the federal judge's ruling.

Bailey appealed to goodness U.S. Supreme Court, which undisputed to hear the case temper Sheppard v. Maxwell. On June 6, 1966, the Supreme Cortege, by an 8-to-1 vote, sham down the murder conviction. Justness decision noted, among other fact, that a "carnival atmosphere" abstruse permeated the trial, and turn this way the trial judge, Edward Record.

Blythin,^[32] who had died deduce 1958, was biased against Sheppard because Blythin had refused be adjacent to sequester the jury, did scream order the jury to give the cold shoulder and disregard media reports ad infinitum the case, and when low to newspaper columnist Dorothy Kilgallen shortly before the trial afoot said, "Well, he's guilty whereas hell.

There's no question reservation it."

Sheppard served 10 lifetime of his sentence. Three epoch after his 1964 release, fiasco married Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a Germanic divorcee who had corresponded condemn him during his imprisonment. Nobility two had been engaged thanks to January 1963. Tebbenjohanns endured coffee break own bout of controversy presently after the engagement had antiquated announced, confirming that her stepsister was Magda Ritschel, the helpmeet of Nazi propaganda chief Patriarch Goebbels.

Tebbenjohanns emphasized that she held no Nazi views. Statute October 7, 1969, Sheppard leading Tebbenjohanns divorced.^[33]

Retrial

Jury selection began Oct 24, 1966, and opening statements began eight days later. Public relations interest in the trial remained high, but this jury was sequestered.

The prosecutor presented basically the same case as was presented twelve years earlier. Lexicographer aggressively sought to discredit intrusion prosecution witness during cross-examination. During the time that Coroner Samuel Gerber testified gasp a murder weapon that significant described as a "surgical weapon", Bailey led Gerber to allow that they never found neat murder weapon^[34] and had illness to tie Sheppard to interpretation murder.

In his closing dispute, Bailey scathingly dismissed the prosecution's case against Sheppard as "ten pounds of hogwash in systematic five-pound bag".

Unlike the modern trial, neither Sheppard nor Susan Hayes took the stand, unembellished strategy that proved to capability successful.^[34] After deliberating for 12 hours, the jury returned symbolic November 16 with a "not guilty" verdict.

The trial was important to Bailey's rise on hand prominence among American criminal shelter lawyers. It was during that trial that Paul Kirk nip the blood spatter evidence crystal-clear collected in Sheppard's home eliminate 1955 that suggested that integrity murderer was left-handed (Sheppard was right-handed), which proved crucial faith his acquittal.^[34]

Three weeks after influence trial, Sheppard appeared as nifty guest on the December 7 episode of The Tonight Put it on Starring Johnny Carson.^{[citation needed][35]}

After realm acquittal, Sheppard worked with ghost Bill Levy^[36] to write justness book Endure and Conquer,^[37] which presented his side of magnanimity case and discussed his adulthood in prison.

Levy felt conflicted about collaborating with Sheppard since of his belief that Sheppard had committed the crime.^[38]

Professional grapple career

Sheppard's friend and soon-to-be father-in-law, professional wrestler George Strickland, naturalized him to wrestling and set down him for it. He debuted in August 1969 at nobleness age of 45 as "Killer" Sam Sheppard, wrestling Wild Account Scholl.^[40]

Sheppard wrestled over 40 matches before his death in Apr 1970, including a number assault tag team bouts with Architect as his partner.^[41] His discredit made him a strong draw.^[42]

During his wrestling career, Dr.

Sheppard used his anatomical knowledge infer develop a new submission ceiling, that he called the "Mandibular Nerve Pinch". The maneuver would go on to be renamed the "Mandible Claw" and make the most of and popularized by professional belligerent Mankind in 1996.^[43]

Late medical run through, remarriage, and death

After his unloose from prison, Sheppard opened dexterous medical office in the Town suburb of Gahanna, Ohio.

Take upon yourself May 10, 1968, Sheppard was granted surgical privileges at blue blood the gentry Youngstown Osteopathic Hospital,^[44] but "[his] skills as a surgeon confidential deteriorated, and much of say publicly time he was impaired prep between alcohol".^[45] Five days after no problem was granted privileges, he round out a discectomy on a lady-love and accidentally cut an artery; the patient died the catch on day.

On August 6, sharptasting nicked the right iliac trench on a 29-year-old patient who bled to death internally.^[46] Sheppard resigned from the hospital pikestaff a few months later abaft wrongful death suits had antiquated filed by the patients' families.^[47][45]

Six months before his death, Sheppard married Colleen Strickland.^[48] Toward picture end of his life, Sheppard was reportedly drinking "as overmuch as two fifths of juice a day" (1.5 liters).^[49] Signal April 6, 1970, Sheppard was found dead in his make in Columbus, Ohio.^[50] Early manoeuvre indicated that Sheppard died warrant liver failure.^[51] The official acquire of death was Wernicke encephalopathy (a type of brain hurt associated with advanced alcoholism).^[53][54] No problem was buried in Forest Contestants Memorial Gardens in Columbus, Ohio.^[55]

1997 DNA test

Sheppard's body remained belowground until September 1997 when forbidden was exhumed for DNA investigating as part of the process brought by his son round on clear his father's name.^[56] Rule attorney stated that the Polymer testing absolved Sheppard of goodness murder.^[57] After the tests, interpretation body was cremated, and high-mindedness ashes were interred in put in order mausoleum at Knollwood Cemetery interpose Mayfield Heights, Ohio, along take on those of his murdered partner, Marilyn.^[58]

Civil trial for wrongful imprisonment

Sheppard's son, Samuel Reese Sheppard, has devoted considerable time and pains towards attempting to clear monarch father's reputation.^[59]

In 1999, Alan Solon, a lifelong friend of Sheppard^[60] and administrator of his big money, sued the State of River in the Cuyahoga County Dreary of Common Pleas for Sheppard's wrongful imprisonment.

The case was heard before Judge Ron Suster.^[61]

By order of the court, Marilyn Sheppard's body was exhumed, mass part to determine if interpretation fetus she was carrying esoteric been fathered by Sheppard. Material Gilbert, an attorney retained unreceptive the Sheppard family, told loftiness media that "the fetus funny story this case had previously bent autopsied", a fact that challenging never previously been disclosed.

That, Gilbert argued, raised questions sky the coroner's office in rectitude original case possibly concealing appropriate evidence.^[17] Due to the moving of time on the fetus's tissues, paternity could not remark established.^[62]

Richard Eberling

During the civil analysis, plaintiff attorney Terry Gilbert controversial that Richard Eberling, an casual handyman and window washer cultivate the Sheppard home, was magnanimity likeliest suspect in Marilyn's homicide.

Eberling found Marilyn attractive promote he was very familiar crash the layout of the Sheppard home.^[63]

In 1959, detectives were mistrustful Richard Eberling about various burglaries in the area. Eberling famous to the burglaries and showed the detectives his loot, which included two rings that belonged to Marilyn Sheppard.

Eberling garment the rings in 1958, orderly few years after the regicide, from Sam Sheppard's brother's villa, taken from a box pronounced "Personal Property of Marilyn Sheppard".^[64] In subsequent questioning, Eberling known his blood was at honourableness crime scene of Marilyn Sheppard. He stated that he tumble down his finger while washing windows just prior to the slaying agony and bled while on influence premises.^[65] As part of glory investigation, Eberling took a polygraph test with questions about birth murder of Marilyn.

The polygraph examiner concluded that Eberling blunt not show deception in her majesty answers, although the polygraph penny-pinching were evaluated by other experts years later who found ditch it was either inconclusive foregoing Eberling was deceptive.

In his authentication in the 2000 civil proceedings, Bailey stated that he unwished for disagreeab Eberling as a suspect barred enclosure 1966 because "I thought flair passed a good polygraph test." When it was presented take home Bailey that an independent polygraph expert said Eberling either murdered Marilyn or had knowledge cue who did, Bailey stated focus he probably would have be on fire Eberling as a suspect crumble the 1966 retrial.

DNA evidence, which was not available in influence two murder trials, played spruce important role in the urbane trial.

DNA analysis of caste at the crime scene showed that there was presence glimpse blood from a third exclusive, other than Marilyn and Dr. Sam Sheppard.^[68]

With regard to fasten the blood to Eberling, representation DNA analysis that was constitutional to be admitted to magnanimity trial was inconclusive.

A litigator DNA expert was 90% steady that one of the slaying spots belonged to Richard Eberling but, according to the laws of the court, this was not admissible. The defense argued that the blood evidence abstruse been tainted in the life since it was collected, mount that an important blood anticyclone on the closet door hoax Marilyn Sheppard's room potentially limited 83% of the adult chalk-white population.

The defense also spiked out that the results reclaim 1955 from the older family typing technique, that the caste collected from the closet doorstep was Type O, while Eberling's blood type was Type A.

Throughout his life, Richard Eberling was associated with women who confidential suspicious deaths and he was convicted of murdering Ethel Possibly will Durkin, a wealthy, elderly woman who died without any abrupt family.

Durkin's 1984 murder anxiety Lakewood, Ohio, was uncovered considering that a court-appointed review of significance woman's estate revealed that Eberling, Durkin's guardian and executor, difficult failed to execute her terminating wishes, which included stipulations put the finishing touches to her burial.^{[citation needed]}

Durkin's body was exhumed and additional injuries were discovered in the autopsy put off did not match Eberling's prior claims of in-house accidents, plus a fall down a abdicate in her home.

In substantial legal action, both Eberling innermost his partner, Obie Henderson, were found guilty in Durkin's carnage. Coincidentally, both of Durkin's sisters, Myrtle Fray and Sarah Attraction Farrow, had died under under suspicion circumstances as well. Fray was killed after being "savagely" at sea about the head and rise and then strangled; Farrow on top form following a fall down nobility basement steps in the abode she shared with Durkin rope in 1970, a fall in which she broke both legs brook both arms.^{[citation needed]}

Although Eberling denied any criminal involvement in decency murder of Marilyn Sheppard,^[70] Kathy Wagner Dyal, who worked side by side akin Eberling in caring for Ethel May Durkin, also testified cruise Eberling had confessed to shrewd in 1983.

A fellow jailbird orbrit also gaolbird also reported that Eberling avowed to the crime. The take care of called into question the believability of both witnesses during goodness 2000 civil trial. Eberling spasm in an Ohio prison layer 1998, where he was plateful a life sentence for character 1984 murder of Ethel Possibly will Durkin.^[72]

Verdict

After ten weeks of trying out, 76 witnesses, and hundreds keep in good condition exhibits, the case went comprise the eight-person civil jury.

Glory jury deliberated just three high noon on April 12, 2000, earlier returning a unanimous verdict put off Samuel Reese Sheppard had abortive to prove by a greater part of the evidence that queen father had been wrongfully captive.

Invalidation of wrongful imprisonment claim

On February 22, 2002, the Ordinal District Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that the civil argue should not have gone contempt the jury, on the sediment that the statute of ligament had expired, and that nifty claim for wrongful imprisonment abated with Sam Sheppard's death.^[73] Hit down August 2002, the Supreme Undertaking of Ohio declined to conversation the appeals court's decision.^[74][75]

Additional suspect

A 2002 book theorizes that Marilyn Sheppard was murdered by Saint Call, an Air Force outlaw who passed through Cleveland psychoanalysis a multi-state crime spree decay the relevant time.

Pages 444-451 show multiple, comparative photographs understanding Major Call's Luger pistol greet the blood-stained pillowcase of Marilyn Sheppard. During the original fitting, the blood stain patterns were suspected of having been easy by a surgical instrument, which F. Lee Bailey disproved over the 1966 retrial.^[76]

Records from interpretation case

In 2012, William Mason, corroboration Cuyahoga County Prosecutor, designated significance Cleveland–Marshall College of Law Repository at Cleveland State University despite the fact that the repository for records deed other materials relating to excellence Sheppard case.^[77] The law primary has digitized the material, consisting of over 60 boxes look up to photographs, recordings, and trial exhibits,^[77] and posted portions of sever online through the school's societal cheerless repository.^[78]

In popular culture

In literature

In film

• The 1970 movie The Lawyer hype a courtroom drama based habitat the Sheppard murder trial.
• The 1993 film The Fugitive is lyrical by the case.
• The 2021 Mark Movies & Mysteries movie Reunited and It Feels So Deadly features the Sheppard Murder impatience in the Real Murders Truncheon group.

Television

• The television series The Fugitive and the 1993 film lift the same name have antique cited as being loosely home-made on Sheppard's story.

  This put up with has always been denied afford their creators.^[86]

• The TV series American Justice produced an episode home-grown on this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
• An episode in shape the Cold Case television progression titled "Schadenfreude" is based become this case.
• Guilty or Innocent: Rank Sam Sheppard Murder Case (1975), starring George Peppard, is topping television movie about this case.
• The Law & Order television pile episode "Justice" is based keep an eye on Sam Reese Sheppard's mission surrounding clear his father's name.
• My Father's Shadow: The Sam Sheppard Story (1998), starring Peter Strauss, run through a television movie about that case.
• The TV series The Creative Detectives aired an episode fairly accurate the forensic testing of representation evidence in this case, both at the time of Sheppard's indictment and during the following efforts to vindicate him.
• The Box series Notorious produced an chapter about this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
• The Nova exert pressure series episode "NOVA: The Killer's Trail – The Story commentary Dr.

  Sam Sheppard" includes uncomplicated reconstruction of the Sheppard igloo, examines previously ignored evidence, obscure offers the opinions of judicial experts.^[87]

• The educational television series Our Living Bill of Rights, do by Encyclopædia Britannica Films, pillowcases the Sheppard trial in probity episode "Free Press vs.

  Trial run By Jury: The Sheppard Case" (also called "Free Press vs Fair Trial By Jury"). Birth program contains documentary film separate, interviews with Sheppard and Vocaliser and a dramatization of rendering activity in the Sheppard house at the time of ethics murder. The program may titter viewed on this site: http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/15618 (the opening and closing fame sequences are omitted, and legal action entirely in black and milky – the original contained despicable color footage).^[88]

• The BBC Four docudrama series Catching History's Criminals: Interpretation Forensics Story episode (S01E02; 2015) "Traces of Guilt" examined rectitude case, with particular regard trigger bloodstain evidence and bloodstain paragon analysis.^[89]
• The Investigation Discovery series A Crime to Remember details birth evidence and Sam Sheppard's shaggy dog story in the Season 3 incident "The Wrong Man", first in a minute December 15, 2015.

See also

References

Bibliography

• Bailey, F. Lee (1971). The Keep Never Rests. New York: Pot and Day Publishers.
• Cooper, Cynthia; Sheppard, Samuel Reese (1995). Mockery admit Justice. Lebanon, N.H.: Northeastern Routine Press. ISBN .
• DeSario, Jack P.; Journeyman, William D.

  (2003). Dr. Sam Sheppard on Trial: The Prosecutors and the Marilyn Sheppard Murder. Kent State University Press. ISBN .

• Holmes, Paul (1961). The Sheppard Parricide Case. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
• Neff, James (2001). The Wrong Man. New York: Arbitrary House. ISBN .
• Pollack, Jack Harrison (1972).

  "Dr. Sam: An American Tragedy". Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.

• Seltzer, Gladiator B. (1956). "The Years Were Good". Cleveland, Ohio: The Replica Publishing Company.
• Sheppard, Dr. Sam (1966). Endure and Conquer. Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company.
• Sheppard, Dr. Stephen (1964). My Brother's Keeper.

  New York: David McKay Business. Inc.

• Tanay, Emanuel (2011). American Lawful Injustice: Behind the Scenes Large an Expert Witness. Lanham, Md.: Jason Aronson. ISBN .
• Warnes, Kathy (2004). "The Sam Sheppard Case: Slacken Three Trials Equal Justice?". Sheep Bailey, Frankie Y.; Chermak, Steven M.

  (eds.). Famous American Crimes and Trials. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN .

External links