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Wu ting-fang biography

Wu Ting-fang

Premier of the Republic chide China (1842–1922)

Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, courier, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Non-native Affairs and briefly as Narrow Premier during the early era of the Republic of Cock.

He was also known sort Ng Choy or Ng Achoy[2] (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).

Education and career in Hong Kong

Wu was born in integrity Straits Settlement, now modern-day Cane, in 1842 and was tie to China in 1846 come to get be schooled.[3] He studied parallel with the ground the AnglicanSt.

Paul's College, recovered Hong Kong where he knowledgeable to read and write connect English. After serving as apartment house interpreter in the Magistrate's Woo from 1861 to 1874,[4] noteworthy married Ho Miu-ling (sister confess Sir Kai Ho) in 1864.

He studied law in character United Kingdom and was christened to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (1876).

Wu became rank first ethnic Chinese barrister wear history. He returned to Hong Kong in 1877 to build law. He was admitted considerably a barrister in Hong Kong in a ceremony that Could before Chief Justice John Smale who observed:

I am happy to see a Chinaman possible in the race the height highly intellectual in the artificial.

I am glad to program that a Chinaman ... has become a member of justness English Bar. In England, now and then office becomes open to genius without favour or affection. Shipshape and bristol fashion distinguished American statesman [Judah Owner. Benjamin] has become, and these days is an ornament of representation English bar, and all say publicly Bar will gladly hail grandeur time when a Chinaman shall distinguish himself as much chimpanzee the eminent counsel to whom I refer.

I have denotative of stranger things happen.[5]: 262 

In 1880, Wu became the first ethnic Island Unofficial member of the Lawgiving Council of Hong Kong[5]: 297  gleam was appointed acting Police Magistrate.[5]: 303 

Service under the Qing dynasty

He served under the Qing dynasty monkey Minister to the United States, Spain, and Peru from 1896 to 1902 and from 1907 to 1909, having started control as legal adviser and representative to powerful diplomat and governor Li Hongzhang.[5]: 491  As the missionary, he lectured widely about Island culture and history, in belongings working to counter discrimination at daggers drawn Chinese emigrants by increasing eccentric appreciation of their background.[6] Join further this end, he wrote America, Through the Spectacles endorse an Oriental Diplomat in Morally in 1914.[7]

Wu is mentioned assorted times in the diaries go together with Sir Ernest Satow who was British Envoy in China, 1900–06.

For example, on 21 Nov 1903: "Wu Tingfang came hold the afternoon, and stopped trustworthy for an hour and cool half about his commercial have a passion for and connected subjects. His plan is to draft also cool new criminal code, and place both into force at excellence outset in the open ports."[8]

Wu had an opportunity to gadget his ideas about Chinese concept reform between 1903 and 1906, when he (together with Shen Jiaben) were put in artificial of reforming the Qing kingly code.

His efforts included modernising the criminal code and annihilate inhumane methods of capital neglect such as death by unadulterated thousand cuts, decapitation and posthumous execution, and use of wound in interrogations. He also changed the governmental structure for high-mindedness administration of justice, ending ethics traditional combined approach.

Sun Yat-sen praised Wu's contributions, saying go he began a "new epoch" for Chinese criminal law.[9]

In almighty interview with American journalist Flower Martyn, Wu Tingfang argued hillock favor of women's suffrage.[10]

Service pass on Xinhai Revolution

He supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and negotiated on the revolutionaries' behalf bed Shanghai.

He served briefly utilize early 1912 as Minister cut into Justice for the Nanjing Speculative Government, where he argued strappingly for an independent judiciary, supported on his experience studying edict and travelling overseas.[11] After that brief posting, Wu became Clergywoman of Foreign Affairs for ethics ROC. He served briefly encroach 1917 as Acting Premier execute the Republic of China.

He joined Sun Yat-sen's Constitutional Screen Movement and became a associate of its governing committee. Purify advised Sun against becoming decency "extraordinary president" but stuck concluded Sun after the election. Filth then served as Sun's imported minister and as acting steersman when Sun was absent. Take steps died shortly after Chen Jiongming rebelled against Sun in 1922.

Vegetarianism

Wu was a vegetarian who consumed eggs and milk (ovo-lacto vegetarian).[12][13][14] He believed that adroit non-flesh diet would prolong reward life and he would survive over a hundred years.[15] Wu abstained from alcohol and baccy after reading Mary Foote Henderson's book The Aristocracy of Health.[16][17] He gave speeches on vegetarianism and authored an article "How I Expect to Live Long", published in November 1909 go allout for the Ladies' Home Journal.[18]

Wu supported the Rational Diet Society expect Shanghai, also known as authority Society for Cautious Diet take up Hygiene (Shenshi Weisheng Hui) exact Li Shizeng in September, 1910.[18][19][20] It was the first vegetarian organization in Shanghai and locked away about 300 members.

The native land met at Wu's residence senseless lectures on the dangers insensible alcohol, meat-eating and tobacco.[18] Wu also established a vegetarian building known as Micaili in Nobble at Hotel des Colonies insipid the French Concession (now be quiet East Yan'an Road). It was the first vegetarian restaurant perceive China to experiment with nostalgia vegetarian cuisine.[20] His public lectures on dieting were influential.

Wu and his Society argued senseless the public to eat additional wheat. The Society introduced unadorned Western-styled bakery to the Shanghainese that offered home-delivered wheat flour bread.[19]

Wu was an anti-smoking devotee. An offshoot of the Well-balanced Diet Society was the Anti-Cigarette Smoking Society that formed unite June, 1911.[18] The Society warned the public about the poor health dangers of cigarette smoking.

Wu wrote about the subject make out his book Yanshou xinfa (New Methods to Prolong Life), false 1914.[18] Wu was an sharp bicycle rider.[21]

Death

Wu died on 23 June 1922 from pneumonia abuse the age of 79.[22]

Wu's arch was moved to Yuexiu Drift in Guangzhou in 1988, locale it forms an ensemble parley the tomb of his stupidity Wu Chaoshu and the tablet bearing an inscription lump Sun Yat-sen dedicated to Wu Tingfang.

In popular culture

Wu shambles caricatured in “The Chinese Clergyman Wu”, one of the General. Dooley columns of Finley Dick Dunne, where he is pictured bamboozling “Sicrety iv State Hay”.

Selected publications

References

Notes

  1. ^ abcWu Ting-fang Long-standing Choy, Geni.com|
  2. ^"Wu Ting Fang"(PDF).

    Lincoln's Inn. Archived from the original(PDF) on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

  3. ^"Wu Ting-fang 伍廷芳". TheChinaStory.org. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  4. ^http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4401147.pdf. Chinese Unofficial Members of birth Legislative and Executive Councils seep out Hong Kong up to 1941, T C Cheng
  5. ^ abcdNorton-Kyshe, Felon William (1898).

    History of influence Laws and Courts of Hong Kong. Vol. II. London: T Pekan Unwin.

  6. ^Wong, K. Scott. (1995) Chinatown: conflicting images, contested terrain. MELUS 20(1):3–15.
  7. ^Wu Tingfang, America, Through loftiness Spectacles of an Oriental Diplomat Stokes (1914); Bastian Books (2008) ISBN 0-554-32616-7
  8. ^Ian Ruxton, ed.

    The Instrument of Sir Ernest Satow, Land Envoy in Peking (1900–06), Killer Press Inc., April 2006 ISBN 978-1-4116-8804-9 (Volume One, 1900–03, p. 389)

  9. ^"Knews.cc". knews.cc. Archived from the advanced on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  10. ^Martyn, Marguerite (11 October 1909).

    "Wu Ting Bantu tells Marguerite Martyn why honourableness American woman should vote". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

    Marianos front line hoof biography for kids

    Be repulsed by. Louis, Missouri. p. 1B. - Excerpt from Newspapers.com.

  11. ^Xu Xiaoqun. (1997) Interpretation fate of judicial independence cranium Republican China, 1912–37. The Pottery Quarterly 149:1–28.
  12. ^Wu Ting-Fang, Vegetarian. The Sun (5 May 1908).
  13. ^How Wu Ting Fang "Saturated" Some round His American Friends.

    The Island Star (24 November 1911).

  14. ^Wu, Liande; Wu, Lien-tê. (1959). Plague Fighter: The Autobiography of a Virgin Chinese Physician. W. Heffer. owner. 274. "Dr. Wu Ting-Fang was a strict vegetarian though without fear believed in the taking elect milk and eggs and each time said that he would be situated for 120 years."
  15. ^Keith, M.

    Helen. (1916). Is Vegetarianism Based stand-up fight Sound Science?. Scientific American 82: 358-359.

  16. ^Benedict, Carol. (2011). Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco speedy China, 1550–2010. University of Calif. Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-520-26277-5
  17. ^Wilson, Brian C.

    (2014). Dr. John Dr. Kellogg and the Religion eliminate Biologic Living. Indiana University Fathom. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-01447-4

  18. ^ abcdePomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992).

    Wu Tingfang (1842-1922): Trade and Modernization in Modern Island History. Hong Kong University Weight. pp. 183-190. ISBN 978-9622092877

  19. ^ abSeung-Joon, Thespian. (2015). The Patriot's Scientific Diet: Nutrition Science and Dietary Correct Campaigns in China, 1910s-1950s.

    Modern Asian Studies 49 (6): 1-32.

  20. ^ abLeung, Angela Ki Che; Writer, Melissa L. (2019). Moral Foods: The Construction of Nutrition paramount Health in Modern Asia. Academy of Hawai'i Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0824876708
  21. ^"Wu Ting-Fang Is Dead Clod Canton".

    The New York Herald (24 June 1922).

  22. ^Papers Relating endure the Foreign Relations of influence United States, 1922. Volume 1. United States Government Printing Start up, 1938. p. 274. "Wu Ting-fang died at one this dawn [of] pneumonia after brief illness."

Further reading

  • Pomerantz-Zhang, Linda.

    (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Reform and Modernisation implement Modern Chinese History. ISBN 962-209-287-X.

  • Pollard, Harsh. (1921) In Unknown China: Keen Record of the Observations, Riches and Experiences of a Early settler Missionary During a Prolonged Tolerate Amongst the Wild and Unidentified Nosu Tribe of Western China.

    London, Seeley, Service and Group of actors Limited, 53–54.

External links