Makohe ika biography of abraham

Abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Canaanitic Bible

Several terms redirect here. Fail to distinguish other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham
Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael (1657) by Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
Born	Ur donation the Chaldees, Mesopotamia
Died	Hebron, Canaan
Known for	Namesake devotee the Abrahamic religions: traditional explorer of the Jewish nation, churchly ancestor of Christians, major Islamic prophet,Manifestation of God and usher of monotheistic faith in Baháʼí Faith, third spokesman (natiq) foreteller of Druzes
Spouses
Children
Parents
Relatives

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] evaluation the common Hebrewpatriarch of blue blood the gentry Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Religion, and Islam.

In Judaism, flair is the founding father supporting the special relationship between honourableness Jews and God; in Faith, he is the spiritual sire architect of all believers, whether Someone or non-Jewish;^[c] and in Muhammadanism, he is a link remit the chain of Islamic prophet that begins with Adam weather culminates in Muhammad.

As position namesake of the Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also revered careful other Abrahamic religions, such gorilla the Druze faith and rectitude Baháʼí Faith.

The story of probity life of Abraham, as phonetic in the narrative of rectitude Book of Genesis in position Hebrew Bible, revolves around authority themes of posterity and soil.

He is said to possess been called by God lecture to leave the house of dominion father Terah and settle take away the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Patriarch and his progeny. This in attendance is subsequently inherited by Patriarch, Abraham's son by his mate Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Patriarch is also promised that settle down will be the founder diagram a great nation.

Abraham usage a tomb (the Cave ransack the Patriarchs) at Hebron nip in the bud be Sarah's grave, thus creation his right to the land; and, in the second time, his heir Isaac is ringed to a woman from cap own kin to earn sovereign parents' approval. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six mega sons; but, on his fatality, when he is buried next to Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" one-time the other sons receive lone "gifts".

Most scholars view the affectionate age, along with the Deviation and the period of righteousness biblical judges, as a brandish literary construct that does remote relate to any particular true era, and after a 100 of exhaustive archaeological investigation, thumb evidence has been found commissioner a historical Abraham.^[12] It in your right mind largely concluded that the Laws, the series of books desert includes Genesis, was composed amid the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result infer tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in Judah over the Babylonian captivity and derived their right to the mess through their "father Abraham", good turn the returning exiles who family circle their counterclaim on Moses vital the Exodus tradition of grandeur Israelites.

The Abraham cycle in righteousness Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Ibrahim cycle is not structured through a unified plot centered conceivable a conflict and its purposefulness or a problem and sheltered solution.

The episodes are frequently only loosely linked, and depiction sequence is not always focused, but it is unified bypass the presence of Abraham man, as either actor or beholder, and by the themes returns posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set foodstuffs in Genesis 11:27–31 concerning goodness sterility of Sarah and 12:1–3 in which Abraham is spick-and-span to leave the land signify his birth for the dirt God will show him.

Origins dominant calling

Terah, the ninth in downslope from Noah, was the cleric of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the next of kin lived in Ur of greatness Chaldees.

Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot departed subsidize Canaan, but settled in top-hole place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), where Terah died at birth age of 205.^[17] According come to an end some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born in Haran and he later relocated conformity Ur, while some of top family remained in Haran.^[18]

God challenging told Abram to leave crown country and kindred and improved to a land that blooper would show him, and affianced to make of him fine great nation, bless him, mark his name great, bless them that bless him, and depression them who may curse him.

Abram was 75 years pull the wool over somebody's eyes when he left Haran look after his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and their possessions tell people that they had obtained, and traveled to Shechem rip open Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched tiara tent in the east imitation Bethel, and built an table which was between Bethel beginning Ai.

Sarai

There was a acrid famine in the land delineate Canaan, so that Abram, Chronicle, and their households traveled command somebody to Egypt. On the way Abram told Sarai to say dump she was his sister, inexpressive that the Egyptians would keen kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials timeless Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, keep from they took her into primacy palace and gave Abram stock in exchange.

God afflicted Swayer and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to unintended to find out what was wrong.^[20] Upon discovering that Sarai was a married woman, Swayer demanded that Abram and Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they lived for a while shore the Negev after being banish from Egypt and came inconvenience to the Bethel and Ai area, Abram's and Lot's respectable herds occupied the same pastures.

This became a problem bolster the herdsmen, who were appointed to each family's cattle. Distinction conflicts between herdsmen had move so troublesome that Abram tacit that Lot choose a select area, either on the sinistral hand or on the prerrogative hand, that there be pollex all thumbs butte conflict between them.

Lot definite to go eastward to decency plain of Jordan, where excellence land was well watered in all cases as far as Zoara, coupled with he dwelled in the cities of the plain toward Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the detached of Mamre, where he attitude another altar to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle of Siddim

During magnanimity rebellion of the Jordan Proceed cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, desecrate Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was taken prisoner along with potentate entire household by the incursive Elamite forces.

The Elamite swarm came to collect the proceeds of war, after having fair defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his descent, at the time, were established on the outskirts of primacy Kingdom of Sodom which effortless them a visible target.^[25]

One individually who escaped capture came opinion told Abram what happened.

At one time Abram received this news, of course immediately assembled 318 trained keep from. Abram's force headed north embankment pursuit of the Elamite concourse, who were already worn get round from the Battle of Siddim. When they caught up hash up them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan by farewell his group into more pat one unit, and launched uncut night raid.

Not only were they able to free glory captives, Abram's unit chased avoid slaughtered the Elamite King Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north simulated Damascus. They freed Lot, in the same way well as his household professor possessions, and recovered all virtuous the goods from Sodom renounce had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's come back, Sodom's king came out forbear meet with him in rendering Valley of Shaveh, the "king's dale".

Also, Melchizedek king staff Salem (Jerusalem), a priest past its best El Elyon, brought out clams and wine and blessed Abram and God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek a tenth of allay. The king of Sodom next offered to let Abram keep back all the possessions if operate would merely return his community.

Abram declined to accept anything other than the share pick up which his allies were advantaged.

Covenant of the pieces

Hagar

See also: Hagar become more intense Hagar in Islam

Abram and Sarai tried to make sense watch how he would become adroit progenitor of nations, because abaft 10 years of living be pleased about Canaan, no child had antique born.

Sarai then offered bodyguard Egyptian slave, Hagar, to Abram with the intention that she would bear him a son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was expressive, she began to despise barren mistress, Sarai. Sarai responded unresponsive to mistreating Hagar, and Hagar sad into the wilderness. An celestial being spoke with Hagar at probity fountain on the way chance Shur.

He instructed her be against return to Abram's camp stomach that her son would befall "a wild ass of fine man; his hand shall weakness against every man, and ever and anon man's hand against him; subject he shall dwell in greatness face of all his brethren." She was told to buyingoff her son Ishmael. Hagar next called God who spoke become her "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV).

From that time onward, the well was titled Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh and Bered. She then sincere as she was instructed disrespect returning to her mistress extract order to have her descendant. Abram was 86 years be totally convinced by age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, Demiurge declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations".^[31] Abraham then received the instructions for the covenant of illustriousness pieces, of which circumcision was to be the sign.^[32]

God apparent Sarai's new name: "Sarah", golden her, and told Abraham, "I will give thee a at one fell swoop also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, and "said in his ignoble, 'Shall a child be home-grown unto him that is a-ok hundred years old?

and shall Sarah, that is ninety age old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] Nowadays after Abraham's encounter with Demigod, he had his entire dwelling of men, including himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long afterward, amid the heat of the expound, Abraham had been sitting distrust the entrance of his demure by the terebinths of Mamre.

He looked up and axiom three men in the pompous of God. Then he ran and bowed to the social order to welcome them. Abraham at that time offered to wash their toes and fetch them a scrap of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's tent to order ash cakes made from choice flour, so he ordered a servant-boy get into prepare a choice calf.

What because all was prepared, he lead curds, milk and the calfskin before them, waiting on them, under a tree, as they ate.^[36]

One of the visitors rich Abraham that upon his come back next year, Sarah would be endowed with a son. While at integrity tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to herself about the pick of having a child mockery their ages.

The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at bearing a child deed her age, as nothing appreciation too hard for God. Panicstricken, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah and Hit the highest point (biblical person)

After eating, Abraham subject the three visitors got shot.

They walked over to nobleness peak that overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to examine the fate of Sodom paramount Gomorrah for their detestable sins that were so great, flux moved God to action.

Kati sharp biography of abraham

Because Abraham's nephew was years in Sodom, God revealed construction to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, goodness two other visitors left tight spot Sodom. Then Abraham turned anticipate God and pleaded decrementally be Him (from fifty persons nod to less) that "if there were at least ten righteous lower ranks found in the city, would not God spare the city?" For the sake of boggy righteous people, God declared dump he would not destroy depiction city.^[38]

When the two visitors checked in in Sodom to conduct their report, they planned on regional in the city square.

Subdue, Abraham's nephew, Lot, met accord with them and strongly insisted turn these two "men" stay shipshape his house for the shady. A rally of men not beautiful outside of Lot's home person in charge demanded that Lot bring knowledgeable his guests so that they may "know" (v. 5) them. However, Lot objected and offered his virgin daughters who abstruse not "known" (v.

8) human race to the rally of joe public instead. They rejected that sense and sought to break take Lot's door to get concurrence his male guests,^[39] thus clear-cut the wickedness of the realization and portending their imminent destruction.^[40]

Early the next morning, Abraham went to the place where why not?

stood before God. He "looked out toward Sodom and Gomorrah" and saw what became representative the cities of the detached, where not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been overshadow, as "the smoke of primacy land went up as nobility smoke of a furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Endogamy and Wife–sister narratives effort the Book of Genesis

Abraham accomplished between Kadesh and Shur in bad taste what the Bible anachronistically calls "the land of the Philistines".

While he was living show Gerar, Abraham openly claimed cruise Sarah was his sister. Set upon discovering this news, King Abimelech had her brought to him. God then came to Abimelech in a dream and professed that taking her would outcome in death because she was a man's wife. Abimelech difficult not laid hands on see, so he inquired if take steps would also slay a virtuous nation, especially since Abraham difficult to understand claimed that he and Wife were siblings.

In response, Divinity told Abimelech that he blunt indeed have a blameless station and that is why appease continued to exist. However, obligation he not return the mate of Abraham back to him, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was a prophet who would offer a prayer for him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of emperor dream and approached Abraham inquisitory as to why he locked away brought such great guilt gaze at his kingdom.

Abraham stated consider it he thought there was inept fear of God in lapse place, and that they strength kill him for his helpmate. Then Abraham defended what sharp-tasting had said as not exploit a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is clean up sister; she is the bird of my father, but gather together the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Ibrahim, and gave him gifts disregard sheep, oxen, and servants; snowball invited him to settle somewhere he pleased in Abimelech's belongings.

Further, Abimelech gave Abraham straight thousand pieces of silver prevalent serve as Sarah's vindication previously all. Abraham then prayed make Abimelech and his household, thanks to God had stricken the squadron with infertility because of leadership taking of Sarah.^[44]

After living primed some time in the ground of the Philistines, Abimelech allow Phicol, the chief of top troops, approached Abraham because give evidence a dispute that resulted kick up a fuss a violent confrontation at undiluted well.

Abraham then reproached Abimelech due to his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks and the grasping of Abraham's Well.

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Abimelech supposed ignorance of the incident. Afterward Abraham offered a pact impervious to providing sheep and oxen on every side Abimelech. Further, to attest give it some thought Abraham was the one who dug the well, he likewise gave Abimelech seven ewes show off proof. Because of this mortal oath, they called the clasp of this well: Beersheba.

Make something stand out Abimelech and Phicol headed retain to Philistia, Abraham planted calligraphic tamarisk grove in Beersheba near called upon "the name a selection of the LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As had been prophesied in Mamre the previous year,^[46] Sarah became pregnant and bore a jew to Abraham, on the eminent anniversary of the covenant be bought circumcision.

Abraham was "an 100 years old", when his spirit whom he named Isaac was born; and he circumcised him when he was eight times old.^[47] For Sarah, the solution of giving birth and nursing a child, at such proscribe old age, also brought coffee break much laughter, as she alleged, "God hath made me scolding laugh, so that all who hear will laugh with me."^[48] Isaac continued to grow leading on the day he was weaned, Abraham held a say feast to honor the incident.

During the celebration, however, Wife found Ishmael mocking; an inspection that would begin to elucidate the birthright of Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Ishmael in Islam § The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years old what because Abraham's son Isaac was indwelling to Sarah.

When she violent Ishmael teasing Isaac, Sarah pressing Abraham to send both Patriarch and Hagar away. She explicit that Ishmael would not help in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was greatly distressed by his wife's words and sought the support of his God. God resonant Abraham not to be worried but to do as authority wife commanded.

God reassured Ibrahim that "in Isaac shall deterioration be called to thee."^[50] Type also said Ishmael would do a nation, "because he obey thy seed".^[51]

Early the next dayspring, Abraham brought Hagar and Patriarch out together. He gave veto bread and water and hurl them away. The two wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba until her bottle of h was completely consumed.

In span moment of despair, she colour into tears. After God heard the boy's voice, an saint of the Lord confirmed disruption Hagar that he would die a great nation, and liking be "living on his sword". A well of water substantiate appeared so that it ransomed their lives. As the youth grew, he became a complete archer living in the jumble of Paran.

Eventually his encircle found a wife for Patriarch from her home country, goodness land of Egypt.^[52]

Binding of Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At sizeable point in Isaac's youth, Patriarch was commanded by God expel offer his son up renovation a sacrifice in the incline of Moriah.

The patriarch voyage three days until he came to the mount that Genius told him of. He subsequently commanded the servants to last while he and Isaac proceeded alone into the mount. Patriarch carried the wood upon which he would be sacrificed. Cutting edge the way, Isaac asked sovereign father where the animal expulsion the burnt offering was, give an inkling of which Abraham replied "God determination provide himself a lamb convey a burnt offering".

Just renovation Abraham was about to injured party his son, he was out of whack by the angel of blue blood the gentry Lord, and he saw keep a hold of him a "ram caught count on a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead weekend away his son. The place was later named as Jehovah-jireh. Aim for his obedience he received in the opposite direction promise of numerous descendants squeeze abundant prosperity.

After this backing, Abraham went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

Historicity and origins of probity narrative

Main article: Historicity of honesty Bible

Historicity

In the early and central point 20th century, leading archaeologists specified as William F.

Albright spell G. Ernest Wright and scriptural scholars such as Albrecht Relax and John Bright believed guarantee the patriarchs and matriarchs were either real individuals or defensible composites of people who flybynight in the "patriarchal age", high-mindedness 2nd millennium BCE.^[63] But, utilize the 1970s, new arguments on the way to Israel's past and the scriptural texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found reach Thomas L.

Thompson's The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives (1974),^[64] and John Van Seters' Abraham in History and Tradition (1975).^[65] Thompson, a literary scholar, household his argument on archaeology dispatch ancient texts. His thesis centralized on the lack of defensible evidence that the patriarchs momentary in the 2nd millennium BCE, and noted how certain scriptural texts reflected first millennium catches and concerns.

Van Seters examined the patriarchal stories and argued that their names, social background, and messages strongly suggested ditch they were Iron Age impedimenta. Van Seters' and Thompson's make a face were a paradigm shift add on biblical scholarship and archaeology, which gradually led scholars to negation longer consider the patriarchal narratives as historical.^[67] Some conservative scholars attempted to defend the Kind narratives in the following age, but this has not harsh acceptance among scholars.^[68]^[69] By nobility beginning of the 21st 100, archaeologists had stopped trying ploy recover any context that would make Abraham, Isaac or Biochemist credible historical figures.^[70]

Origins glimpse the narrative

Abraham's story, like those of the other patriarchs, virtually likely had a substantial articulated prehistory (he is mentioned instructions the Book of Ezekiel^[72] gift the Book of Isaiah^[73]).

Bring in with Moses, Abraham's name commission apparently very ancient, as distinction tradition found in the Game park of Genesis no longer understands its original meaning (probably "Father is exalted" – the central theme offered in Genesis 17:5, "Father of a multitude", is expert folk etymology). At some abuse the oral traditions became extent of the written tradition precision the Pentateuch; a majority countless scholars believe this stage belongs to the Persian period, positively 520–320 BCE.

The mechanisms by way of which this came about endure unknown, but there are of late at least two hypotheses. Rank first, called Persian Imperial empowerment, is that the post-Exilic persons devised the Torah as deft legal basis on which obstacle function within the Persian Princelike system; the second is renounce the Pentateuch was written agree to provide the criteria for overriding who would belong to illustriousness post-Exilic Jewish community and function establish the power structures extort relative positions of its a variety of groups, notably the priesthood essential the lay "elders".

The completion oppress the Torah and its lump to the centre of post-Exilic Judaism was as much virtue more about combining older texts as writing new ones – the final Pentateuch was family unit on existing traditions.

In nobility Book of Ezekiel,^[79] written generous the Exile (i.e., in honourableness first half of the Ordinal century BCE), Ezekiel, an refugee in Babylon, tells how those who remained in Judah part claiming ownership of the languid based on inheritance from Abraham; but the prophet tells them they have no claim thanks to they do not observe Laws.

The Book of Isaiah^[81] equally testifies of tension between justness people of Judah and position returning post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating that God is glory father of Israel and think it over Israel's history begins with depiction Exodus and not with Patriarch. The conclusion to be deduced from this and similar data (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), is that integrity figure of Abraham must plot been preeminent among the collective landowners of Judah at glory time of the Exile countryside after, serving to support their claims to the land divert opposition to those of loftiness returning exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According homily Nissim Amzallag, the Book come close to Genesis portrays Abraham as securing an Amorite origin, arguing ensure the patriarch's provenance from glory region of Harran as ostensible in Genesis 11:31 associates him with the territory of excellence Amorite homeland.

He also make a recording parallels between the biblical description and the Amorite migration run into the Southern Levant in ethics 2nd millennium BCE.^[83] Likewise, pitiless scholars like Daniel E. Writer and Alice Mandell have argued that the biblical portrayal considerate the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears assail reflect the Amorite culture panic about the 2nd millennium BCE because attested in texts from primacy ancient city-state of Mari, hinting at that the Genesis stories suspend historical memories of the heritable origins of some of greatness Israelites.^[84]^[85]Alan Millard argues that glory name Abram is of Amorite origin and that it review attested in Mari as ʾabī-rām.

He also suggests that nobility Patriarch's name corresponds to neat form typical of the Nucleus Bronze Age and not supporting later periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The pristine barbarian possible reference to Abraham possibly will be the name of cool town in the Negev traded in a victory inscription star as Pharaoh Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which is referred as "the Fortress of Abraham", suggesting character possible existence of an Patriarch tradition in the 10th c BCE.

The orientalist Mario Liverani proposed to see in glory name Abraham the mythical eponym of a Palestinian tribe pass up the 13th century BCE, put off of the Raham, of which mention was found in birth stele of Seti I gantry in Beth-She'an and dating check to 'around 1289 BCE.^[88] Depiction tribe probably lived in probity area surrounding or close in close proximity to Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the antiquity in fact refers to fights that took place in leadership area).

The semi-nomadic and arcadian Semitic tribes of the without fail used to prefix their shout with the term banū ("sons of"), so it is hypothetical that the Raham called woman Banu Raham. Furthermore, many understood blood ties between tribe comrades as common descent from wholesome eponymous ancestor (i.e., one who gave the tribe its name), rather than as the clarification of intra-tribal ties.

The term of this eponymous mythical forebear was constructed with the patronym (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed by means of the name of the tribe; in the case of rank Raham, it would have archaic Abu Raham, later to die Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey yield Ur to Harran could replica explained as a retrospective contemplation of the story of primacy return of the Jews plant the Babylonian exile.

Indeed, Kingdom Finkelstein suggested that the commencement Abraham traditions originated in excellence Iron Age (monarchic period) trip that they contained an initial hero story, as the ahead mentions of Abraham outside nobility book of Genesis (Ezekiel 33 and Isaiah 51): do groan depend on Genesis 12–26; carry on not have an indication ransack a Mesopotamian origin of Abraham; and present only two central themes of the Abraham novel in Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Up till, unlike Liverani, Finkelstein considered Patriarch as ancestor who was worshiped in Hebron, which is further far from Beit She'an, reprove the oldest tradition of him might be about the sanctuary he built in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham is given a high affinity of respect in three older world faiths, Judaism, Christianity, reprove Islam.

In Judaism, he assignment the founding father of rendering covenant, the special relationship amidst the Jewish people and God—leading to the belief that representation Jews are the chosen citizenry of God. In Christianity, Feminist the Apostle taught that Abraham's faith in God—preceding the Alliance law—made him the prototype celebrate all believers, Jewish or gentile; and in Islam, he court case seen as a link gravel the chain of prophets go off begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Ibrahim is called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," suggestive of that he is both leadership biological progenitor of the Jews and the father of Monotheism, the first Jew.

His story line is read in the hebdomadally Torah reading portions, predominantly stem the parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan avoid Rava taught in Abba Arikha's name that Abraham's mother was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90]^[d]Hiyya restrict Abba taught that Abraham contrived in Teraḥ's idol shop obligate his youth.^[93]

In Legends of character Jews, God created heaven tell off earth for the sake trip the merits of Abraham.

Astern the biblical flood, Abraham was the only one among class pious who solemnly swore not at any time to forsake God, studied spiky the house of Noah increase in intensity Shem to learn about rectitude "Ways of God," continued ethics line of High Priest exotic Noah and Shem, and assignment the office to Levi ride his seed forever. Before pass his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved from the red-hot furnace of Nimrod following climax brave action of breaking illustriousness idols of the Chaldeans collide with pieces.

During his sojourning creepycrawly Canaan, Abraham was accustomed interruption extend hospitality to travelers famous strangers and taught how reach praise God also knowledge have a hold over God to those who esoteric received his kindness.

Along with Patriarch and Jacob, he is depiction one whose name would come to light united with God, as Immortal in Judaism was called Elohei Abraham, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Abraham, Divinity of Isaac, and God fend for Jacob") and never the Maker of anyone else.^[99] He was also mentioned as the dad of thirty nations.^[100]

Abraham is in general credited as the author accept the Sefer Yetzirah, one spectacle the earliest extant books accusation Jewish mysticism.^[101]

According to Pirkei Avot, Abraham underwent ten tests enviable God's command.^[102] The Binding recognize Isaac is specified in authority Bible as a test;^[103] magnanimity other nine are not nominative, but later rabbinical sources cooperation various enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Ibrahim is revered as the clairvoyant to whom God chose address reveal himself and with whom God initiated a covenant (cf.

Covenant Theology).^[107]Paul the Apostle explicit that all who believe come to terms with Jesus (Christians) are "included double up the seed of Abraham limit are inheritors of the undertaking made to Abraham." In Book 4, Abraham is praised fend for his "unwavering faith" in Creator, which is tied into primacy concept of partakers of illustriousness covenant of grace being those "who demonstrate faith in representation saving power of Christ".^[108]^[107]

Throughout story, church leaders, following Paul, own acquire emphasized Abraham as the abstract father of all Christians.