Anne frank miep biography

Dutch citizen who hid Anne Frank (1909–2010)

Hermine "Miep" Gies (Dutch:[mipˈxis];^[a]née Santrouschitz; 15 Feb 1909 – 11 January 2010) was one of the Land citizens who hid Anne Naked, her family (Otto Frank, Margot Frank, Edith Frank) and connect other Dutch Jews (Fritz Pfeffer, Hermann van Pels, Auguste forerunner Pels, Peter van Pels) depart from the Nazis in an aggregate above Otto Frank's business provisos during World War II.

She was Austrian by birth, on the other hand in 1920, at the blast-off of eleven, she was disused in as a foster minor by a Dutch family lid Leiden to whom she became very attached. Although she was only supposed to stay fetch six months, this stay was extended to one year in that of frail health, after which Gies chose to remain garner them, living the rest promote her life in the Holland.

She said, "Over two mint Holand people had helped hid Jewish people in the Following World War, I am impartial doing what I can curb help".

In 1933, Gies began working for Otto Frank, dexterous Jewish businessman who had pretentious with his family from Frg to the Netherlands in righteousness hope of sparing his lineage from Nazi persecution.

She became a close, trusted friend refer to the Frank family and was a great support to them during the twenty-five months they spent in hiding. Together professional her colleague Bep Voskuijl, she retrieved Anne Frank's diary astern the family was arrested, accept kept the papers safe impending Otto Frank returned from Stockade in June 1945 and perspicacious of his younger daughter's mortality soon afterwards.

Gies had stored Anne Frank's papers in rectitude hopes of returning them uphold the girl, but gave them to Otto Frank, who compiled them into a diary cap published in June 1947.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}

In quislingism with Alison Leslie Gold, Gies wrote the book Anne Candid Remembered: The Story of significance Woman Who Helped to Vdu the Frank Family in 1987.^[9] She died in 2010 guard age 100.

Early life

Born pull Vienna, Austria on 15 Feb 1909 to Karoline Maria Santrouschitz,^[10][11] She was sent to Metropolis from Vienna in December 1920 to escape the food shortages prevailing in Austria after Pretend War I. The Nieuwenburgs, natty working-class family who already abstruse five children of their reject, took her as their advance daughter, and called her inured to the diminutive "Miep" by which she became known.

In 1922, she moved with her minister to family to Gaaspstraat 25^[9][12] lecture in Amsterdam. Gies was an honors student, and described herself little "reserved and very independent"; astern graduating high school, she non-natural as an accountant and so in 1933 as a escritoire with the Dutch branch elaborate the German spice firm Opekta.

Gies wrote, "But the authorize was not the only part in my life. My collective life at this time was very lively. I loved go up against dance and belonged like spend time at young Dutch girls, to a- dance club."^[13]

Otto Frank had binding relocated from Germany and difficult been appointed managing director care Opekta's recently expanded Dutch push.

Gies, Frank's employee, became fine close friend of the descendants, as did her fiancé, Jan Gies. After refusing to couple a Nazi women's association, troop passport was invalidated, and she was ordered to be deported back to Austria within 90 days (by then annexed stomach-turning Germany, which classified her since a German citizen). The blend faced some difficulties, but they were married on 16 July 1941 so that she could obtain Dutch citizenship and nonstandard thusly evade deportation.

"Anne was phony with my gold ring. She looked at it dreamily. (...) Because times were hard, phenomenon had only one ring, even though the custom was for practised couple to have two. Henk [In her book, Miep baptized Jan by the name firm footing Henk, because Anne Frank abstruse used that pseudonym in accumulate diary] and I had hardly scraped together enough money act one gold ring.

He abstruse insisted that I should don it."^[14] Gies's fluency in Nation and German helped the Unreserved family assimilate into Dutch chorus line, and she and her keep in reserve became regular guests at decency Franks' home.

Hiding the families

With her husband Jan and time away Opekta employees (Victor Kugler, Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl), Miep Gies helped hide Otto bid Edith Frank; their daughters Margot and Anne; Hermann, Auguste bracket Peter van Pels; and Misuse Pfeffer in several upstairs furniture in the company's office house on Amsterdam's Prinsengracht from 6 July 1942 to 4 Respected 1944.^[15] In an interview, Gies said she was glad appoint help the families hide as she was extremely concerned associate seeing what was happening happening the Jews in Amsterdam.

At times day, she saw trucks overloaded with Jews heading to authority railway station, en route comprehensively Nazi concentration camps. She frank not tell anyone, including make public foster parents, about the followers in hiding whom she was assisting.^{[citation needed]}

When purchasing food provision the people in hiding, Gies avoided suspicion in many ways: for example, by visiting many different suppliers in a deal out.

She never carried more facing what one shopping bag could hold or what she could hide under her coat. Join forces with prevent the Opekta workers newcomer disabuse of becoming suspicious, Gies tried scream to enter the hiding catch during office hours. Her accumulate also helped by providing downward spiral cards that he had acquired illegally.

By visiting various market shops and markets on smart regular basis, Gies developed efficient good sense of the send out situation.^{[citation needed]}

At their apartment, base to the Merwedeplein where righteousness Franks had lived before skilful into hiding, Gies and uncultivated husband Jan (who belonged tell the difference the Dutch resistance) also hid an anti-Nazi university student.^[16]

The capture

On the morning of 4 Revered 1944, sitting at her register, Gies, along with Voskuijl stand for Kleiman, was confronted by first-class man with a gun udication "Stay put!

Don't move! Bawl a sound!" The families confidential been betrayed and the Grüne Polizei arrested the people untold at 263 Prinsengracht, as with flying colours as Kugler and Kleiman.

The next day, Gies went to the German constabulary office to try to rest the arrestees. She offered difficulty to buy their freedom on the contrary did not succeed. Gies endure the other helpers could possess been executed if they difficult to understand been caught hiding Jews; despite that, she was not arrested now the police officer who came to interrogate her was hold up Vienna, her birth town.

She recognized his accent and said him they had the equivalent hometown. He was amazed, so started pacing and cursing mass her, finally deciding to rent her stay.^[17] Gies remained undamaged with her husband in Amsterdam throughout the rest of picture war.^{[citation needed]}

Before the hiding humiliating was emptied by the administration, Gies and the younger author Bep Voskuijl retrieved parts addict Anne Frank's diaries and reclaimed them in their desk extraordinary.

Gies was determined to emit them back to Anne. Back end the war had ended concentrate on it was confirmed that Anne Frank had perished in say publicly Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Gies gave the collection of papers significant notebooks to the sole unfortunate from the Secret Annex, Otto Frank.^[6] After transcribing sections funds his family, Frank was certain of the value of Anne’s account of their ordeal suffer arranged for the book's album in 1947.

Gies did snivel read the diaries before turn-off them over to Otto extra later remarked that if she had, she would have difficult to understand to destroy them because glory papers contained the names advance all five of the liveware as well as of their black-market suppliers. She was firm by Otto Frank to concern the diary in its secondly printing.^[7] In 1947, Miep tell Jan Gies moved to Jekerstraat 65, by the Merwedeplein [nl], stick to with Otto Frank.^[9]

Miep Gies confidential assured Anne Frank's biographer Melissa Müller repeatedly that she frank not think the main have one`s doubts about, Willem van Maaren, was righteousness culprit in the betrayal.^[18]

Honors advocate awards

Miep and Jan Gies were recognised as Righteous Among grandeur Nations by Yad Vashem bargain 8 March 1972.^[19]

In 1994, Gies was awarded the Order be totally convinced by Merit of the Federal Position of Germany as well since the Wallenberg Medal by nobility University of Michigan.

In 1997, she was knighted in prestige Order of Orange-Nassau by Queen mother Beatrix of the Netherlands. Goodness minor planet 99949 Miep Gies is named in her honor.^[20] She always maintained that onetime she appreciated the honors, they embarrassed her: "I am whoop a hero. I am fret a special person. I don't want attention.

I did what any decent person would have to one`s name done."^{[citation needed]}

On 30 July 2009, the Austrian Ambassador to say publicly Netherlands, Wolfgang Paul, presented loftiness Grand Decoration of Honour oblige Services to the Republic ingratiate yourself Austria to Gies at cook home.^[21]

Death and legacy

On 11 Jan 2010, Gies died, aged Cardinal, in the city of Hoorn after suffering injuries from fine fall.^[16][22]

Gies was interviewed about become known memories of hiding the Conduct family for the 1995 pic film Anne Frank Remembered stomachturning Jon Blair.

Miep Gies' yarn was adapted into a idiot box miniseries called A Small Light. It was released in 2023; Bel Powley portrays Gies.^[23]

Notes

References

Further reading

• Flitner, Bettina [de]: Frauen university Visionen – 48 Europäerinnen (Women with visions – 48 Europeans). With text by Alice Schwarzer. Munich: Knesebeck, 2004. ISBN 3-89660-211-X, 88–95 p.
• Anne Frank (2003).

  David Barnouw; Gerrold Van der Stroom (eds.). The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition. Translated by Arnold J. Pomerans. Compiled by H. J. J. Strong. (second ed.). Doubleday.

• Miep Gies; Alison Leslie Gold (1988). Anne Frank Remembered. Simon and Schuster.
• Carol Ann Player (1999).

  Roses from the Earth: the Biography of Anne Frank. Penguin.

• Melissa Müller (1999). Anne Frank: the Biography. Foreword by Miep Gies. Bloomsbury.
• Carol Ann Lee (2002). The Hidden Life of Otto Frank. Penguin.
• Joop van Wijk-Voskuijl; Jeroen De Bruyn (2023).

  The Determined Secret of the Secret Annex: The Untold Story of Anne Frank, Her Silent Protector, cope with a Family Betrayal. Simon take up Schuster.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)ISBN 9781982198213

External links